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<title><![CDATA[癌細胞會釋放生物「無人機」　遙控對抗免疫系統]]></title> 
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<pubDate>Fri, 28 Nov 2025 02:06:23 +0000</pubDate> 
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	<div><span style="font-family: &quot;Noto Sans TC&quot;"><span style="font-size: 20px; letter-spacing: 2px">【大紀元2018年08月21日訊】（大紀元記者鹿甯編譯報導）</span></span></div><div><span style="font-family: &quot;Noto Sans TC&quot;"><span style="font-size: 20px; letter-spacing: 2px"><br /></span></span></div><div><span style="font-family: &quot;Noto Sans TC&quot;"><span style="font-size: 20px; letter-spacing: 2px">癌症的一大特點是能夠逃避免疫系統。癌腫瘤不只是一堆失控的細胞，它們為了生存而積極地與免疫系統作戰。賓夕法尼亞大學的研究人員近期發現，為了協助這種作戰，癌細胞會釋放生物「無人機」，就是在血液中循環的、名叫外泌體的小囊泡。包在它們裡面的蛋白質PD-L1能導致T細胞在遇到腫瘤並開始戰鬥之前就出現疲勞。</span></span></div><div><span style="font-family: &quot;Noto Sans TC&quot;"><span style="font-size: 20px; letter-spacing: 2px"><br /></span></span></div><div><span style="font-family: &quot;Noto Sans TC&quot;"><span style="font-size: 20px; letter-spacing: 2px">這項發表在《自然》期刊上的研究由賓大藝術與科學學院的Wei Guo和皮爾曼醫學院的Xiaowei Xu共同合作。雖然研究主要針對轉移性黑色素瘤，但他們發現乳腺癌和肺癌也會釋放攜帶PD-L1的外泌體。</span></span></div><div><span style="font-family: &quot;Noto Sans TC&quot;"><span style="font-size: 20px; letter-spacing: 2px"><br /></span></span></div><div><span style="font-family: &quot;Noto Sans TC&quot;"><span style="font-size: 20px; letter-spacing: 2px">該研究為癌症如何抑制免疫系統提供了一種範式。此外，它還指向一種新方法來預測哪些癌症患者會對某些檢查點抑制劑產生反應，這些藥物用於干擾免疫抑制以對抗腫瘤，並且可以追蹤這些療法的有效性。</span></span></div><div><span style="font-family: &quot;Noto Sans TC&quot;"><span style="font-size: 20px; letter-spacing: 2px"><br /></span></span></div><div><span style="font-family: &quot;Noto Sans TC&quot;"><span style="font-size: 20px; letter-spacing: 2px">「對許多轉移性黑色素瘤患者來說，免疫療法可以救命，但這些患者中約有70%對此沒有反應，」生物學教授Guo說：「這些治療費用昂貴，並且有毒副作用，如果知道哪些患者會產生反應就將非常有幫助。識別血液中的生物標誌物可能有助於及早預測哪些患者會做出反應，還可以為患者及其醫生提供監測治療效果的方法。」</span></span></div><div><span style="font-family: &quot;Noto Sans TC&quot;"><span style="font-size: 20px; letter-spacing: 2px"><br /></span></span></div><div><span style="font-family: &quot;Noto Sans TC&quot;"><span style="font-size: 20px; letter-spacing: 2px">「外泌體是微小的脂質包裹的囊泡，直徑小於紅細胞的百分之一，」Xu說：「我們蒐集了接受抗PD1檢查點抑制劑治療的黑色素瘤患者的血液樣本。這種類型的液體活檢可以讓我們隨著時間的推移監測與腫瘤相關的免疫抑制。」</span></span></div><div><span style="font-family: &quot;Noto Sans TC&quot;"><span style="font-size: 20px; letter-spacing: 2px">癌症治療最成功的創新之一是使用檢查點抑制劑，這些藥物旨在阻止癌細胞抑制免疫系統以使腫瘤成長、擴散。其主要目標之一是PD-1，一種T細胞表面的蛋白質。腫瘤細胞釋放的PD-L1與PD-1相互作用，能有效阻止細胞的抗癌反應。使用檢查點抑制劑阻斷這種相互作用、使T細胞重新活躍，就能讓它們向腫瘤釋放出殺癌能力。</span></span></div><div><span style="font-family: &quot;Noto Sans TC&quot;"><span style="font-size: 20px; letter-spacing: 2px"><br /></span></span></div><div><span style="font-family: &quot;Noto Sans TC&quot;"><span style="font-size: 20px; letter-spacing: 2px">研究小組發現，像其它癌細胞一樣，人類黑色素瘤細胞的外泌體在其表面也攜帶PD-L1。PD-L1可直接與T細胞結合並抑制其功能。鑑定腫瘤細胞分泌的外泌體PD-L1為免疫檢查點機制提供了重要的新發現，並提供了對腫瘤的免疫逃避的新見解。</span></span></div><div><span style="font-family: &quot;Noto Sans TC&quot;"><span style="font-size: 20px; letter-spacing: 2px"><br /></span></span></div><div><span style="font-family: &quot;Noto Sans TC&quot;"><span style="font-size: 20px; letter-spacing: 2px">「黑色素瘤細胞分泌的外泌體基本上是免疫抑制劑。」Guo說，「我們提出了一種模型：這些外泌體像無人機一樣，在血液循環中的T細胞接近腫瘤之前就開始與它們作戰。」</span></span></div><div><span style="font-family: &quot;Noto Sans TC&quot;"><span style="font-size: 20px; letter-spacing: 2px"><br /></span></span></div><div><span style="font-family: &quot;Noto Sans TC&quot;"><span style="font-size: 20px; letter-spacing: 2px">由於單個腫瘤細胞能分泌許多外泌體的複製體，PD-L1外泌體和T細胞之間的相互作用就成了抑制全身抗腫瘤免疫的系統、高效的手段。這也許就能解釋為什麼癌症患者的免疫系統如此之弱了。</span></span></div><div><span style="font-family: &quot;Noto Sans TC&quot;"><span style="font-size: 20px; letter-spacing: 2px"><br /></span></span></div><div><span style="font-family: &quot;Noto Sans TC&quot;"><span style="font-size: 20px; letter-spacing: 2px">由於外泌體在血液中循環，通過血液檢測就能監測癌症與T細胞戰鬥的方式，比傳統的侵入性腫瘤活檢更加可行。經過急性治療階段，這種測試方法還可監測藥物對癌細胞的控制情況。</span></span></div><div><span style="font-family: &quot;Noto Sans TC&quot;"><span style="font-size: 20px; letter-spacing: 2px"><br /></span></span></div><div><span style="font-family: &quot;Noto Sans TC&quot;"><span style="font-size: 20px; letter-spacing: 2px">通過測量治療前的PD-L1水平，腫瘤學家也許能夠預測患者的腫瘤發展程度並將其與治療結果相結合。此外，血液測試可以測量治療的有效性。例如，通過利用免疫檢查點抑制劑，外泌體PD-L1的水平也表明了T細胞的活化水平。</span></span></div><div><span style="font-family: &quot;Noto Sans TC&quot;"><span style="font-size: 20px; letter-spacing: 2px">「我認為未來癌症將可以被視為一種慢性疾病，就像糖尿病，」Guo說：「正如糖尿病患者用血糖儀測量血糖一樣，臨床醫生和癌症患者也許能通過監測PD-L1和循環外泌體上的其它生物標誌物來密切關注治療。這是邁向精準和個性化治療的又一步。」</span></span></div><div><span style="font-family: &quot;Noto Sans TC&quot;"><span style="font-size: 20px; letter-spacing: 2px"><br /></span></span></div><div><span style="font-family: &quot;Noto Sans TC&quot;"><span style="font-size: 20px; letter-spacing: 2px"><br /></span></span></div><div><span style="font-family: &quot;Noto Sans TC&quot;"><span style="font-size: 20px; letter-spacing: 2px"><br /></span></span></div><div><span style="font-family: &quot;Noto Sans TC&quot;"><span style="font-size: 20px; letter-spacing: 2px">責任編輯：朱涵儒</span></span></div><div><span style="font-family: &quot;Noto Sans TC&quot;"><span style="font-size: 20px; letter-spacing: 2px">http://www.epochtimes.com/b5/18/8/21/n10654215.htm</span></span></div><div><span style="font-family: &quot;Noto Sans TC&quot;"><span style="font-size: 20px; letter-spacing: 2px"><br /></span></span></div><div><span style="font-family: &quot;Noto Sans TC&quot;"><span style="font-size: 20px; letter-spacing: 2px"><br /></span></span></div><div><span style="font-family: &quot;Noto Sans TC&quot;"><span style="font-size: 20px; letter-spacing: 2px"><br /></span></span></div><div><span style="font-family: &quot;Noto Sans TC&quot;"><span style="font-size: 20px; letter-spacing: 2px"><br /></span></span></div><div><span style="font-family: &quot;Noto Sans TC&quot;"><span style="font-size: 20px; letter-spacing: 2px"><br /></span></span></div><div><span style="font-family: &quot;Noto Sans TC&quot;"><span style="font-size: 20px; letter-spacing: 2px">資料來源：https://www.xingchang.com.tw/health-information/cancer-immune-nanoparticles/</span></span></div><div><span style="font-family: &quot;Noto Sans TC&quot;"><span style="font-size: 20px; letter-spacing: 2px"><br /></span></span></div><div><br /><strong>口腔癌中醫</strong>&nbsp;<strong>中醫治療口腔癌</strong>&nbsp;<strong>口腔癌治療</strong>&nbsp;<strong>口腔癌前兆</strong>&nbsp;<strong>口腔癌初期</strong>&nbsp;<strong>唇癌中醫</strong>&nbsp;<strong>唇癌初期症狀</strong>&nbsp;<strong>舌癌</strong>&nbsp;<strong>舌癌前兆</strong>&nbsp;<strong>舌癌治療</strong>&nbsp;<strong>肺癌中醫</strong>&nbsp;<strong>肺癌中醫治療</strong>&nbsp;<strong>肺癌治療</strong>&nbsp;<strong>中醫乳癌</strong>&nbsp;<strong>乳癌中醫治療</strong>&nbsp;<strong>乳腺癌中醫治療</strong>&nbsp;<strong>腎盂癌中醫</strong>&nbsp;<strong>淋巴癌治療</strong>&nbsp;<strong>淋巴癌中醫治療</strong>&nbsp;<strong>中醫治療腹水</strong>&nbsp;<strong>肝癌治療</strong>&nbsp;<strong>中醫肝癌</strong>&nbsp;<strong>肝纖維化中醫治療</strong>&nbsp;<strong>肝纖維化中醫</strong>&nbsp;<strong>肝硬化治療</strong>&nbsp;<strong>陽痿中醫推薦</strong>&nbsp;<strong>陽痿中醫</strong>&nbsp;<strong>陽痿中醫治療</strong>&nbsp;<strong>勃起功能障礙中醫治療</strong>&nbsp;<strong>男性性功能障礙中醫</strong></div><br/>Tags - <a href="https://medicine.we99.org.tw/go.php/tags/%25E5%258F%25A3%25E8%2585%2594%25E7%2599%258C%25E4%25B8%25AD%25E9%2586%25AB/" rel="tag">口腔癌中醫</a> , <a href="https://medicine.we99.org.tw/go.php/tags/%25E4%25B8%25AD%25E9%2586%25AB%25E6%25B2%25BB%25E7%2599%2582%25E5%258F%25A3%25E8%2585%2594%25E7%2599%258C/" rel="tag">中醫治療口腔癌</a> , <a href="https://medicine.we99.org.tw/go.php/tags/%25E5%258F%25A3%25E8%2585%2594%25E7%2599%258C%25E6%25B2%25BB%25E7%2599%2582/" rel="tag">口腔癌治療</a> , <a href="https://medicine.we99.org.tw/go.php/tags/%25E5%258F%25A3%25E8%2585%2594%25E7%2599%258C%25E5%2589%258D%25E5%2585%2586/" rel="tag">口腔癌前兆</a> , <a href="https://medicine.we99.org.tw/go.php/tags/%25E5%258F%25A3%25E8%2585%2594%25E7%2599%258C%25E5%2588%259D%25E6%259C%259F/" rel="tag">口腔癌初期</a> , <a href="https://medicine.we99.org.tw/go.php/tags/%25E5%2594%2587%25E7%2599%258C%25E4%25B8%25AD%25E9%2586%25AB/" rel="tag">唇癌中醫</a> , <a href="https://medicine.we99.org.tw/go.php/tags/%25E5%2594%2587%25E7%2599%258C%25E5%2588%259D%25E6%259C%259F%25E7%2597%2587%25E7%258B%2580/" rel="tag">唇癌初期症狀</a> , <a href="https://medicine.we99.org.tw/go.php/tags/%25E8%2588%258C%25E7%2599%258C/" rel="tag">舌癌</a> , <a href="https://medicine.we99.org.tw/go.php/tags/%25E8%2588%258C%25E7%2599%258C%25E5%2589%258D%25E5%2585%2586/" rel="tag">舌癌前兆</a> , <a href="https://medicine.we99.org.tw/go.php/tags/%25E8%2588%258C%25E7%2599%258C%25E6%25B2%25BB%25E7%2599%2582/" rel="tag">舌癌治療</a> , <a href="https://medicine.we99.org.tw/go.php/tags/%25E8%2582%25BA%25E7%2599%258C%25E4%25B8%25AD%25E9%2586%25AB/" rel="tag">肺癌中醫</a> , <a href="https://medicine.we99.org.tw/go.php/tags/%25E8%2582%25BA%25E7%2599%258C%25E4%25B8%25AD%25E9%2586%25AB%25E6%25B2%25BB%25E7%2599%2582/" rel="tag">肺癌中醫治療</a> , <a href="https://medicine.we99.org.tw/go.php/tags/%25E8%2582%25BA%25E7%2599%258C%25E6%25B2%25BB%25E7%2599%2582/" rel="tag">肺癌治療</a> , <a href="https://medicine.we99.org.tw/go.php/tags/%25E4%25B8%25AD%25E9%2586%25AB%25E4%25B9%25B3%25E7%2599%258C/" rel="tag">中醫乳癌</a> , <a 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href="https://medicine.we99.org.tw/go.php/tags/%25E9%2599%25BD%25E7%2597%25BF%25E4%25B8%25AD%25E9%2586%25AB/" rel="tag">陽痿中醫</a> , <a href="https://medicine.we99.org.tw/go.php/tags/%25E9%2599%25BD%25E7%2597%25BF%25E4%25B8%25AD%25E9%2586%25AB%25E6%25B2%25BB%25E7%2599%2582/" rel="tag">陽痿中醫治療</a> , <a href="https://medicine.we99.org.tw/go.php/tags/%25E5%258B%2583%25E8%25B5%25B7%25E5%258A%259F%25E8%2583%25BD%25E9%259A%259C%25E7%25A4%2599%25E4%25B8%25AD%25E9%2586%25AB%25E6%25B2%25BB%25E7%2599%2582/" rel="tag">勃起功能障礙中醫治療</a> , <a href="https://medicine.we99.org.tw/go.php/tags/%25E7%2594%25B7%25E6%2580%25A7%25E6%2580%25A7%25E5%258A%259F%25E8%2583%25BD%25E9%259A%259C%25E7%25A4%2599%25E4%25B8%25AD%25E9%2586%25AB/" rel="tag">男性性功能障礙中醫</a>
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<title><![CDATA[[評論] 癌細胞會釋放生物「無人機」　遙控對抗免疫系統]]></title> 
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<pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 1970 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate> 
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